青少年教程 (出埃及记1*第4课) | 与法老的对峙
- 羊之门-编译组
- Aug 14
- 11 min read
编者按
这是一套在美国很受欢迎的教材，按年龄共分三部分：0-6岁学龄前儿童教程，6-12岁学龄儿童教程，和12岁以上青少年教程。我们将陆续翻译成中文，分享给大家。
这套教材里的每一篇，无论是教程还是各种活动，都独立成篇，没有先后顺序，大家可以按需要和负担选择使用。
*更多内容：thedoorofsheep.com/青少年 课程目的
让学生了解出埃及记的整体概览。
解释十灾如何与埃及的神明相关。
激励学生只事奉唯一真神。
主题
苦难、掳掠、神的性情、选择、死亡、公义、公义的敬畏、刚硬的心、神的审判、顺服、受苦。
背诵经文
出埃及记 4:22–23
开始祷告(5-10分钟)
团队建造(10分钟)
在黑板上写出十灾。邀请学生为每一个灾难设计一个动作。尝试让他们今天记住十灾。
血灾 6. 疮灾
青蛙灾 7. 冰雹灾
虱子/蚋灾 8. 蝗虫灾
苍蝇灾 9. 黑暗灾
畜疫灾 10. 长子之死
一旦动作确定，喊出某个灾难。最后一个做出动作的人出局。继续直到只剩一个人为止。
课程导入(5分钟)
一般讨论：
哪个灾更糟：青蛙还是虱子/蚋灾？
哪个灾更糟：满身生疮，还是三天完全黑暗？
哪个灾更糟：冰雹打坏庄稼，还是蝗虫吃光庄稼？
埃及人没有选择，他们经历了全部十灾！今天我们要覆盖的内容很多，让我们开始吧！
深入学习(30分钟)
读 出埃及记 5:1–5
讨论问题：
摩西和亚伦的请求是什么？（让以色列人走。）
法老的回应是什么？（他拒绝。）
为什么法老不让他们走？（以色列人是奴工，而且人数众多。放走他们对经济是巨大损失。）
根据第 2 节，还有什么原因？（他不认识以色列的神。）
这场交锋一共发生十次。每次法老拒绝，神就降下一个灾。十灾记载在第 7–11 章。我们没时间详细覆盖这五章，所以只读神呼召灾难的部分。之后再看法老的反应。
读 出埃及记 7:19–21
讨论问题：
这是什么灾？（所有水变血。）
范围有多广？（每一条河、沟渠、池塘、水库都变成血。）
影响是什么？（鱼死、恶臭、没水喝。）
有趣的是，第一个灾难直接攻击埃及的生命源——尼罗河。尼罗河被认为是他们的神奥西里斯（Osiris）的血流。随着课程继续，你会看到每个灾难都针对某个埃及神。
七天后，神再派摩西去见法老。
读 出埃及记 8:2–4
讨论问题：
这是什么灾？（青蛙灾。）
青蛙在哪里？（宫殿、卧室、房屋、炉灶，到处都是。）
你觉得破坏性多大？（讨论。）
埃及人确实有一位青蛙女神，名叫哈皮（Hapi）。法老答应只要摩西祈祷、神除去青蛙，就放以色列人走（出 8:8–9）。所有青蛙死后堆成大堆。然而，青蛙一死，法老就反悔。于是第三灾来了。
读 出埃及记 8:16–18
讨论问题：
接下来是什么灾？（虱子/蚋。）
虱子从哪里来？（地上的尘土。）
埃及术士试图复制。成功了吗？（没有。）
埃及的大地之神叫赛布（Seb）。神显示祂掌管赛布。虽然术士能复制前两个灾，但这次失败。他们承认“这是神的手指”（19 节），但法老心硬，不听。以色列仍被掳。
读 出埃及记 8:20–24
讨论问题：
下一个灾是什么？（苍蝇。）
什么被苍蝇覆盖？（房屋，甚至地面。）
根据第 22 节，哪里没有苍蝇？（歌珊地，以色列人住的地方。）
法老暂时允许摩西和以色列人在本地献祭（25 节）。但摩西拒绝，因为神吩咐的是离开，不是妥协。果然，埃及也有“苍蝇神”。
读 出埃及记 9:2–6
讨论问题：
神接下来做什么？（使埃及所有牲畜死亡。）
以色列的牲畜有没有死？（没有。）
埃及有多个牲畜之神。尽管经济打击巨大，法老民心下降，他仍拒绝。神还没完。
读 出埃及记 9:8–10
讨论问题：
下一个灾是什么？（疮灾。）
谁受害？（埃及人和牲畜。）
疮从哪里来？（摩西把炉灰撒向空中。）
学者认为，这是对埃及医治神明的嘲讽，埃及至少有三位这样的神。但法老仍不放人。
读 出埃及记 9:18–19
讨论问题：
埃及现在遭遇什么灾？（冰雹。）
神吩咐以色列人做什么？（把牲畜赶进棚里。）
为什么要遮蔽牲畜？（不然会死于冰雹。）
以色列的真神掌控天空女神、农业神与气象神。巨大的冰雹摧毁庄稼，杀人畜。唯有歌珊不降冰雹。以色列得救。
读 出埃及记 10:13–15
讨论问题：
这是哪一灾？（蝗虫灾。）
发生了什么？（蝗虫侵入，吞吃一切。）
根据 15 节，灾后什么不再存在？（一切绿色。）
埃及有一位专门防蝗虫的神，名叫赛拉皮亚（Serapia）。但他抵不过以色列的真神。法老再次悔改，但蝗虫一去，就反悔。
读 出埃及记 10:21–22
讨论问题：
这是哪一灾？（黑暗灾。）
持续多久？（三天。）
谁有光？（以色列。）
局势到达顶点。神一次次警告法老释放百姓。九灾之后，法老仍拒绝，还威胁摩西（出 10:28）。摩西答应，但先宣布最后一灾。
读 出埃及记 11:4–8
讨论问题：
最后一灾是什么？（长子之死。）
谁会死？（埃及人的长子。）
为什么是最后一灾？（最严重，也是对埃及长期屠杀希伯来长子的审判。摩西自己就是长子，本应被杀却蒙救。）
应用(15分钟)
读 出埃及记 4:22–23
在第十灾之前，神已藉摩西警告法老。九次，神都保留埃及的长子。法老仍不放人。第十灾证实了前九次——以色列的神是唯一真神。
事实上，神多次对摩西、法老、以色列和埃及宣告这一点。
读 出埃及记 9:15–16
在灾中，神明确表明祂能做什么，以及为什么这么做。
讨论问题：
神是否可以直接灭掉埃及？（可以。）
为什么不？（祂要显明祂的能力，给他们悔改的机会。）
为什么以这种方式释放以色列？（好叫祂的名传扬。）
有趣的是，出埃及记 12:38 说以色列人出埃及时，“有许多闲杂人一同上去”。
一般讨论：
你认为法老心为何刚硬？（骄傲、自负。）
如果你是埃及人，会怎么看这些灾？（恐惧、愤怒。）
哪一灾最能说服你以色列的神是真神？（学生分享。）
你认为这些灾纯粹是审判，还是也有怜悯？（神给机会、事先警告、没有一开始就最严重、没有彻底灭尽埃及。）
神的目标是让祂的名被认识。祂接纳悔改者进入以色列。以色列得释放的消息传开，带来其他信徒。这些事看似严厉，但真神既公义又怜悯。
一般讨论：
你觉得神更公义还是更怜悯？为什么？
通过十灾，你还有怀疑神是否是独一真神吗？（绝对没有！）
作为信徒，我们该怎样荣耀神的名？（传扬祂的作为，邀请人跟随祂，敬畏祂，顺服祂。）
结束祷告(2分钟)
向唯一真神献上敬拜祷告，请学生也一同祷告。
**** 英文版 *******
Exodus: Before the Sea is Parted
Lesson 4: Confrontation with Pharaoh
LESSON OBJECTIVES
Goals
1. To inform students of the overview of the book of Exodus
2. To explain the ten plagues as they related to the Egyptian gods.
3. To inspire students to serve only the true God
Topics
Affliction, Captivity, Character of God, Choices, Death, Fairness, Fearing God, Hardened Heart, Judgment of God, Submission, Suffering
Scripture Memorization
Exodus 4:22-23
OPENING PRAYER (5 to 10 minutes)
GROUP BUILDING (10 minutes)
List the ten plagues on the board. Invite students to come up with a motion for each plague. Try to get them to memorize the ten plagues today.
1. Blood 6. Boils
2 Frogs 7. Hail
3 Lice/Gnats 8. Locusts
4. Insects 9. Darkness
5. Livestock Disease 10. Killing of Firstborn
Once they come up with a motion, call out a plague. The last one to do the motion is out. Keep going until only one person remains.
GETTING STARTED (5 minutes)
General Discussion:
• Which plague would be worse: frogs or gnats?
• Which plague would be worse: boils all over your body or sitting in complete darkness for three days?
• Which plague would be worse: hail-damaged crops or locust-eaten crops?The people of Egypt didn’t get to choose, they got all ten! We’ve got a lot to cover today, let’s get started!
DIGGING IN (30 minutes)
Read Exodus 5:1-5
Discussion Questions:
1. What is the request of Moses & Aaron? (For Pharaoh to let Israel go.)
2. What is Pharaoh's response? (He will not do it.)
3. Why wouldn't Pharaoh let them go? (The Israelites are slave laborers, and they are many. It would be a huge loss for him economically.)
4. What's another reason according to verse 2? (He does not know the God of Israel.)
This exchange happens again—nine more times. Each time, when Pharaoh refuses, God levies a plague on Egypt. These plagues are found in chapters 7-11. We don’t have time to cover all five chapters in depth, so we’re just going to read where God calls for each plague. Later, we’ll take a look at Pharaoh’s response.
Read Exodus 7:19-21
Discussion Questions:
1. What is this plague? (All the water in Egypt will be turned to blood.)
2. How extensive would this be? (Every stream, canal, pond, and reservoir turned to blood.)
3. What was the impact? (Fish die off, putrid smell, no water.)
Interestingly, the first plague was an affront to Egypt's source of life—the Nile River. Notably, the Nile was said to be the bloodstream of one of their gods—Osiris. As we continue, we’ll see that each plague is an offense to a particular Egyptian god.Seven days after the water turned to blood, God tells Moses to go to Pharaoh again.
Read Exodus 8:2-4
Discussion Questions:
1. What plague is this? (The plague of frogs.)
2. Where were frogs found? (In the palace, bedrooms, houses, ovens, everywhere.)
3. How destructive do you think this would’ve been? (Allow for discussion.)
The Egyptians actually had a frog goddess named Hapi. Pharaoh agrees to let Israel go if Moses prays and has God rid the land of frogs (Exodus 8:8-9). All the frogs die and are thrown into big piles. However, once the frogs die Pharaoh changes his mind. That means a third plague is coming.
Read Exodus 8:16-18
Discussion Questions:
1. What plague does God issue next? (Gnats—some translations may say “lice.”)
2. Where do the gnats come from? (The dust of the earth.)
3. Egyptian magicians tried to duplicate this trick. Were they successful? (No.)
The earth god of Egypt was named Seb. God demonstrates that He has power over Seb. Even though the magicians cannot duplicate this feat, they were able to duplicate the first two. While the magicians recognize this to be the “finger of God” (verse 19), Pharaoh’s heart is too hard to listen. Israel remains in captivity.
Read Exodus 8:20-24
Discussion Questions:
1. What is the next plague? (Flies.)
2. What is covered in flies? (Houses, even the ground.)
3. Where were there no flies according to verse 22? (in Goshen, where the Israelites lived.)
Pharaoh gives temporary permission for Moses and Israel to go and sacrifice “in this land” (verse 25). However, Moses refuses, as his instructions are to get Israel out of there, not to get permission for them to worship. And, you guessed it, Egypt had a fly god.
Read Exodus 9:2-6
Discussion Questions:
1. What does God do next? (He makes all the Egyptian livestock die.)
2. Do any of the livestock of Israel die? (No.)
Egypt has multiple gods of livestock. Still, despite the huge economic impact and Pharaoh’s probably decreasing favor with his people, he stubbornly refuses to allow Israel to leave. God isn’t finished.
Read Exodus 9:8-10
Discussion Questions:
1. What is the next plague? (The plague of boils.)
2. Who is affected? (Egyptian people and animals.)
3. Where did the boils come from? (Moses took soot from a furnace and threw it into the air.)
With their physical bodies in need of healing, some scholars believe this was a direct mockery of the Egyptian gods and goddesses of healing, of whom the Egyptians had at least three. Still, Pharaoh won’t let the Israelites go.
Read Exodus 9:18-19
Discussion Questions:
1. What plague does Egypt suffer now? (Hail.)
2. What does God warn the Israelites to do? (Bring their livestock into shelter.)
3. Why do the animals require shelter? (They will die from the hail if left out in the open.)
The one true God of Israel takes control over the sky goddess, two agricultural deities, and the god of the atmosphere. An enormous hailstorm falls, ruins crops, and kills animals and people. The only place it doesn’t fall is in Goshen. Israel is spared.
Read Exodus 10:13-15
Discussion Questions:
1. What plague is this? (The plague of locusts.)
2. What happens? (Locusts invade, settle into Egypt, and consume everything.)
3. According to verse 15, what no longer remains after this plague? (Anything green.)
The Egyptians have a god whose sole purpose was to protect them from locusts. His name was Serapia, but he is no match for the one true God of Israel. Again, Pharaoh repents, but once the locusts are gone, he changes his mind again and will not release Israel.
Read Exodus 10:21-22
Discussion Questions:
1. What plague is this? (The plague of darkness.)
2. How long does it last? (Three days.)
3. Who had light? (Israel.)
Now, the situation in Egypt has reached a fever pitch. God has repeatedly warned Pharaoh to let His people go. Pharaoh has stubbornly refused to release Israel, despite nine plagues. The last of which showed God’s superiority over the Egyptian sun and moon gods, the plagues should’ve caused Pharaoh to relent. Still, he does not. Instead, he forbids Moses from ever appearing before him again, threatening to kill him if he does (Exodus 10:28). Moses agrees, but before he does, he has one more thing to tell Pharaoh.
Read Exodus 11:4-8
Discussion Questions:
1. What is the last plague? (The death of firstborn sons.)
2. Whose sons will perish? (Only the firstborn sons of Egyptians.)
3. Why do you think God chooses this as the last plague? (It is obviously the most severe, but also it is a judgment of Egypt’s long-standing practice of killing the first child born by any Jewish woman; Moses was saved from murder even though he was his mother’s first child. [See Exodus 1:16,22.])
MAKING IT REAL (15 minutes)
Read Exodus 4:22-23
Before the ten plagues even began, God warned Pharaoh through Moses. Time after time, God gave Pharaoh chances. The Lord spared the firstborn sons of Egypt nine times. Still, Pharaoh refused to let Israel go. Finally, the tenth plague cemented what the first nine suggested—the God of Israel is the one true God.In fact, God states this multiple times to Moses, Pharaoh, Israel, and Egypt.
Read Exodus 9:15-16
In the middle of the plagues, God is clear as to what He could do and why He’s doing it.
Discussion Questions:
. Could God simply have wiped Egypt off the map and freed Israel? (Yes.)
2. Why didn’t He do so? (He wanted to show them His power and give them a chance to repent.)
3. Why would God free Israel in this manner? (So that His Name might be proclaimed.)
Interestingly, Exodus 12:38 says that “many others” went up with Israel when they left Egypt.
General Discussion:
• Why do you think Pharaoh’s heart was hardened? (Ego, pride, etc.)
• If you were a normal Egyptian, what would you have thought of these plagues? (Terrified, angry, etc.)
• Which plague would’ve been successful in convincing you that Israel’s God was the only real God? (Allow students to share.)
• Do you see these plagues as an act of pure judgment, or do you see mercy in them as well? (God gave multiple chances for repentance, He warned in advance, He didn’t do the most catastrophic things first, He never completely wiped Egypt out, etc.)
God’s goal was for His name to be known. He welcomed those who repented into Israel. Word of Israel’s freedom spread, resulting in other believers. These events may seem harsh, but the One True God is both just and merciful. We see that in the plagues.
General Discussion:
• Do you think God is more just or more merciful? Why? (Allow for discussion.)
• Knowing what you know from the plagues, is there any doubt in your mind that God is the One True God? (No way!)
• As believers in that fact, what should we do to help glorify God’s name? (Tell people of His work, invite people to follow Him, fear Him, obey Him, etc.)
CLOSING PRAYER (2 minutes)
Pray a prayer of worship to the One True God, inviting your students to do the same.
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