青少年教程 (出埃及记2*第3课) | 律法

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这是一套在美国很受欢迎的教材，按年龄共分三部分：0-6岁学龄前儿童教程，6-12岁学龄儿童教程，和12岁以上青少年教程。我们将陆续翻译成中文，分享给大家。
这套教材里的每一篇，无论是教程还是各种活动，都独立成篇，没有先后顺序，大家可以按需要和负担选择使用。
*更多内容：thedoorofsheep.com/青少年 

课程目的

1. 告知学生出埃及记的整体概览

2. 教导学生旧约中的律法

3. 教导学生耶稣已经成全了律法，并使他们从律法的重担中得释放

主题

重担、跟随耶稣、恩典、压力、行为

背诵经文

出埃及记 24:3

开始祷告(5-10分钟)

团队建造(10分钟)

我们要玩一个游戏，叫做 “是不是旧约律法”。在出埃及记里有大量的律法。以下的规则有些在出埃及记里，有些则不在。我们要看看你是否能分辨哪些在旧约律法里，哪些不在。

指引：所有人站起来。如果你认为我读到的是旧约律法，就举起右手。如果你认为不是，就不要举手。如果你答错一次，就要坐下。最后还站着的人，就是我们的“律法专家”。

是不是旧约律法？

1. 不可容术士存活。（这是律法。出埃及记22:18。）

2. 指甲必须修剪整齐。（这不是律法。）

3. 不要让你的牛去吃别人家的草。（这是律法。出埃及记22:5。）

4. 只有狗可以吃被野兽撕裂的动物的肉。（这是律法。出埃及记22:31。）

5. 不可以在星期三洗衣服。（这不是律法。）

6. 不可以在满月时种庄稼，否则你将遭受旱灾。（这不是律法。）

7. 如果你看见别人的牲畜走失，你有责任把它带回去。（这是律法。出埃及记23:4。）

8. 不可以睡在地上。这是可憎的。（这不是律法。）

9. 不可用母羊的奶煮山羊羔。（这是律法。出埃及记23:19。）

（根据班级人数，可以增加更多题目。）

课程导入(5分钟)

一般讨论：

• 有没有一些管理你生活的规则，是你希望不存在的？（比如宵禁、睡觉时间、放学后不能用电子产品等等。）

• 遵守你理解的规则难，还是遵守你不理解的规则难？（遵守不理解或不同意的规则难。）

• 当我们遵守一条我们并不认同的规则时，我们在表明什么？（信任、顺服、智慧。）

遵守律法并不总是容易的。有时规则令人困惑。有时我们就是不喜欢这些规则。有时我们只是想违背。以色列人也有同样的感受，尽管神是他们的立法者。

今天，我们要学习律法。虽然没有时间覆盖全部，但我们会落脚在一个关键点：耶稣已经成全了律法，并为我们开辟了得救之路，这不是通过守律法，而是通过与祂的关系。

深入学习(30分钟)

我们常常把十诫看作是神给以色列人独立存在的一组规则。事实上，十诫只是最有名的规则，只是神一切诫命中的一小部分。

一般讨论：

• 旧约里一共有多少条律法？（学者们通常说共有613条律法。）

• 哪些书包含了律法？（创世记、出埃及记、利未记、民数记、申命记。）

我们没有时间覆盖全部613条律法，甚至没有时间覆盖出埃及记里的全部律法。但我们可以概览出埃及记中的律法，并把它们与耶稣连起来。

（最好的方式是把不同的经文分配给个人或小组，让他们读并学习，然后回答以下问题，以便概览整段经文。）

• 出埃及记 21:2-11

• 出埃及记 21:12-25

• 出埃及记 21:26-36

• 出埃及记 22:1-15

• 出埃及记 22:16-31（这一段包含性方面的内容。如果需要避免，可以跳过16-17节。）

• 出埃及记 23:1-9

• 出埃及记 23:10-19

讨论问题：

1. 这些经文中规定了哪些律法？（让小组各分享2-3条。）

2. 对以色列百姓从被掳到进入应许之地，这些律法意味着什么？（让学生分享。）

3. 这些经文里有没有提到违背律法的惩罚？（让学生分享。）

4. 有些律法对你来说难以理解吗？为什么？（让学生分享。）

5. 你认为这些律法对以色列人来说难遵守吗？（让学生分享。）

6. 你认为以色列人是否觉得有些律法是多余的，就像我们也觉得有些规则没必要一样？（让学生分享。）

记住，这只是613条律法中的一小部分。神的指示很清楚：他们必须遵守所有的律法，而不是只挑方便的遵守。

应用(30分钟)

读 出埃及记 21:1

“摆在他们面前”的意思是这些律法不该被遗忘。他们的行为将决定他们的社会。在这里，百姓很快就答应了。

读 出埃及记 24:3

讨论问题：

1. 百姓做了什么承诺？（他们要遵守神的一切律法。）

2. 根据以色列的历史，他们做到了吗？（没有。）

3. 当以色列人悖逆时，他们的惩罚是什么？（最终他们又被掳到异地。）

神赐下律法，是为了以色列社会的益处。但当他们忽视神的部分命令时，他们再次陷入困境。他们没有吸取教训，再次被掳，呼求神拯救。

一般讨论：

• 为什么我们在遇到麻烦时能信靠神救我们，但在平时却不顺服祂？（这是个难题，但归根结底是因为自私的欲望。）

• 今天我们比以色列人更顺服神的律法吗？（没有。）

事实上，律法有一个我们常常忽略的目的。保罗在新约里谈到过。

读 罗马书 3:19-24

讨论问题：

1. 保罗说，律法最直接是对谁说的？（在律法之下的人。见19节。）

2. 根据20节，律法能让我们称义吗？（不能。）

3. 它的作用是什么？（让我们认识到自己的罪。）

4. 如果不是靠律法，我们如何得称为义？（靠着对耶稣基督的信心。）

5. 谁犯罪，亏缺了神的荣耀？（所有人。）

6. 根据24节，如果不是靠律法，我们如何称义？（借着耶稣基督和祂的恩典。）

律法的目的不是要压垮我们，而是要把我们带到绝望的地步。因为根本没有办法完全遵守律法。

（可选练习：告诉学生你要让他们同时遵守一堆规则。像是快速版的“西蒙说”。一条又一条地念规则，确保他们都必须完全遵守。目的是让他们体会到这是不可能的。当他们感到足够挫败时，再继续讲课。）

一旦我们体会到无法完美的绝望，就会转向信靠耶稣的义，而不是自己的义。

读 马太福音 5:17

耶稣已经成全了律法。这并不是说这些规则对我们不再有意义——比如，看见邻舍的牛走丢仍然应该把它还回去——而是说我们不再需要靠守律法来生活。相反，耶稣解除了我们的重担。结果是，我们可以专注于把信心放在基督身上。在神里面，我们不必追求完美——因为我们不可能完美。现在，是时候把我们的信靠和信心交托给主。

结束祷告(2分钟)

祈求你的学生们拥抱基督的义，不再试图靠自己完美。

**** 英文版 *******

Exodus: After the Red Sea Is Parted

Lesson 3: The Law

LESSON OBJECTIVES

Goals

1. To inform students of the overview of the book of Exodus

2. To educate students on the Old Testament law

3. To teach students that Jesus has fulfilled the law and freed them from its burden

Topics

Burdens, Following Jesus, Grace, Stress, Works

Scripture Memorization

Exodus 24:3

OPENING PRAYER (5 to 10 minutes)

GROUP BUILDING (10 minutes)

We are going to play the game, Old Testament Law or Not. In the book of Exodus, there are a ton of laws. Some of the following rules are actually in the book of Exodus. Some of them are not. We’ll discover if you know the difference between those included in the Old Testament and those that are not.

Directions:

Everyone stand up. If you think what I read is an actual Old Testament law, raise your right hand. If you do not believe what I read is an Old Testament law, then do not raise your hand. If you get one answer incorrect, sit down. The final people who remain standing are our legal experts.

Old Testament Law or Not?

1. Do not allow a sorceress to live. (That is a law. Exodus 22:18.)

2. Always keep your fingernails neatly trimmed. (That is not a law.)

3. Don’t let your cows munch on someone else’s grass. (That is a law. Exodus 22:5.)

4. Only dogs are allowed to eat the meat of an animal that has been torn by wild beasts. (That is a law. Exodus 22:31.)

5. Do not wash clothing on a Wednesday. (That is not a law.)

6. Do not plant crops during a full moon, or you shall be plagued by drought. (That is not a law.)

7. If you see someone’s livestock wandering off, it’s your job to take it back. (That is a law. Exodus 23:4.)

8. Never sleep on the ground. That is an abomination. (That is not a law.)

9. Never cook a young goat in its mother’s milk. (That is a law. Exodus 23:19.)(Add additional questions as needed depending on the size of your class.)

GETTING STARTED (5 minutes)

General Discussion:

• Which rules govern your life that you wish were not rules? (Curfew, bedtime, no electronics after school, etc.)

• Is it harder to follow rules you understand or the ones you don’t understand? (It’s hard to follow a rule that we don’t understand or don’t agree with.)

• What are we demonstrating when we obey a rule, even if we don’t agree with it? (Trust, obedience, wisdom.)

Obeying laws isn’t always easy. Sometimes rules are confusing. Sometimes we don’t like the rules. Other times we just feel like disobeying. The people of Israel felt the same way even though God was their lawmaker.

We’re going to study the law today. While we don’t have time to cover it all, we are going to land in an important place—the fact that Jesus has fulfilled the law and paved the way for us to salvation not through the keeping of rules but through a relationship with Him.

DIGGING IN (25 minutes)

We often think of the Ten Commandments as stand-alone rules that God gave Israel to follow. The truth is that that the 10 Commandments are only the most famous rules, but they’re just a small fraction of all of God’s commands.

General Discussion:

• How many laws do you think are in the Old Testament? (Scholars commonly cite 613 rules as the total number of rules in the OT.)

• What books contain the law? (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.)

We don’t have time to cover all 613. We don’t even have time to cover the entire law as it’s communicated in Exodus. What we can do is survey the law in Exodus and draw a line from them to Jesus.

(The best way to cover this much material is to assign each passage to an individual or small group. After giving them time to read and study, ask the following questions to each group as a way of surveying the entire passage.)

Exodus 21:2-11

Exodus 21:12-25

Exodus 21:26-36

Exodus 22:1-15

Exodus 22:16-31

(This passage contains sexual content. Skip verses 16-17 if you wish to avoid this subject in your groups.)

Exodus 23:1-9

Exodus 23:10-19

Discussion Questions:

1. What laws are prescribed in these verses? (Have each group share 2-3.)

2. What does that mean for Israel as its people travel from captivity to the Promised Land? (Allow students to share.)

3. Were there any punishments prescribed in these verses for breaking the rules? (Allow students to share.)

4. Are any of these laws hard for you to understand? Why or why not? (Allow students to share.)

5. Do you think those laws were difficult for the Israelis to follow? (Allow students to share.)

6. Do you think the people thought any of those rules were pointless just as we might think some of the rules that we have to follow are? (Allow students to share.)

Remember, this is just a small percentage of the 613 laws that the nation of Israel was commanded to follow. Their instructions were clear: they must follow all of the rules, not just the convenient ones.

 

MAKING IT REAL (30 minutes)

Read Exodus 21:1

The words “set before them” communicates that these laws should not be forgotten. Their behaviors will dictate their society. In this case, the people readily agree.

Read Exodus 24:3

Discussion Questions:

1. What promise do the people make? (They will obey all of God's laws.)

2. Knowing what you know about the history of Israel, do they do this? (No.)

3. When the Israelites rebel, what is their punishment? (Eventually they find themselves back in captivity.)

God bestows His laws to Israel for the benefit of their society. But when the Israelites ignore some of His commands, they find themselves in trouble once again. They did not learn their lesson, and are once again enslaved in a foreign land praying to God for salvation.

General Discussion:

• Why do you think we trust God enough to save us when we’re in trouble but not enough to obey Him when we’re not? (This is a difficult question, but it ultimately comes down to our selfish desires.)

• Do you think this has changed? Are we more obedient to God’s laws than the Israelis were? (No.)The truth is that the law serves a purpose that we don’t often think of. Paul talks about it in the New Testament.

Read Romans 3:19-24

Discussion Questions:

1. According to Paul, to whom does the law speak the loudest? (Those under the law. See verse 19.)

2. According to verse 20, does the law make us righteous? (No.)

3. What does it do? (It makes us conscious of our sin.)

4. If not through the law, then how can we know righteousness? (Through faith in Jesus Christ.)

5. Who sins and falls short of fulfilling the law? (Everyone.)

6. How are we justified if not through the law according to verse 24? (Through Jesus Christ and His grace.)

The law’s purpose is not to heavily burden us, but rather its purpose is to lead us to the point of despair. There is no way to follow the law completely.

(Optional Exercise: Tell your group you are about to make them follow a bunch of rules all at once. Think of this exercise as a kind of Simon Says but with super-speed. List off one rule after another, and make sure they are following all of them perfectly. The point is for them to grow frustrated at the impossibility of it. Once they’re adequately exasperated, you can move on to finish the lesson.)

Once we face the kind of despair that comes from knowing we can’t be perfect, we’re led to trust in Jesus' righteousness instead of our own.

Read Matthew 5:17

Jesus has fulfilled the law. It’s not that those rules don’t apply to us any more—it is still a good idea to return your neighbor’s cow if you see it wandering off—but we no longer need to live our lives by those rules. Instead, Jesus has unburdened us. As a result, we can focus on putting our faith in Christ, in God. Jesus has released us from the burden of trying to be perfect. We are not perfect, and we cannot be perfect. Now it is time to put our trust and faith in the Lord.

CLOSING PRAYER (2 minutes)

Pray that your students embrace the righteousness of Christ and stop trying to be perfect on their own.

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